The 1962 constitution while largely reproducing the Islamic provisions of the 1956 constitution relegated the provision barring the enactment of laws repugnant to the injunctions of Islam to a principle of policy (Article 1A) and replaced the organisation for Islamic research with the “Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology” to recommend appropriate Islamic laws and policies to the government and to the legislature (Articles 199-206). The only Islamic institution it mandated was “an organisation for Islamic research and instruction” (Article 197), however, it did not clarify how research conducted by this organisation would feed back into the workings of the state.

However, it did bar the enactment of laws “repugnant to the injunctions of Islam” (Article 198) while largely retaining the institutional infrastructure of the Government of India Act, 1935, and following the Universal Declaration of Rights in stipulating the fundamental rights of Pakistani citizens. The 1956 constitution called for “an Islamic way of life” (Article 25) only as a principle of policy.

The relevant provisions of the 1956, 19 constitutions provide a good starting point for understanding the scope of Pakistan’s constitutional commitment to Islamisation. Interestingly, however, even in its eighth decade, Pakistan appears not to have fully reconciled the tussle between secular and Islamic values. To this end, the constitutions also recognise the significance of redesigning the Pakistani legal system along Islamic lines. THE three constitutions adopted by Pakistan since its creation in 1947, despite considerable differences among them, all declare the state’s commitment to upholding the principles and values of Islam and to taking all necessary steps to enable Muslims to lead their lives according to Islamic teachings and requirements.

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